Typhoid is caused by Salmonella typhi bacteria from food or water. Salmonella Typhi lives only in humans. Persons with typhoid fever carry the bacteria in their bloodstream and intestinal tract. In addition, a small number of persons, called carriers , recover from typhoid fever but continue to carry the bacteria. Both ill persons and carriers shed S. Typhi in their feces. You can get typhoid fever if you eat food or drink beverages that have been handled by a person who is shedding S. Typhi or if sewage contaminated with S. Typhi bacteria gets into the water you use for drinking or washing food. Therefore, typhoid fever is more common in areas of the world where handwashing is less frequent and water is likely to be contaminated with sewage.
Many of our ancestors died during the Civil War due to this diease. Given the circumstances that they fought under, it is understandable how this disease may have easily been transmitted. Typhoid however was not limited simply to persons in war zones; before sanitation regulations came everyone was at risk from any of the water supplies.
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